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Pistes pour le professeur

Introduction

Le judaïsme, comme les autres traditions religieuses, n’est pas un ensemble uniforme et a connu des évolutions majeures à travers le temps et les espaces dans lesquels il s’est déployé. L’objectif de ce module est donc de présenter les moments phares de l’histoire du judaïsme et des Juifs, en se fondant sur l’approche qui est celle des historiens, et d’en souligner à la fois les grands principes et les principales pratiques, tout en montrant les permanences, les transformations qu’elle a subi, mais aussi sa grande diversité. Il s’agit ici de permettre une meilleure connaissance du judaïsme, à la fois comme religion, mais aussi comme culture et comme identité. Fondé sur le rejet de l’idolâtrie et sur la croyance en un Dieu unique et en sa Loi, le judaïsme a vu éclore un système de valeurs particulier, mais également des formes et des niveaux de pratique variés, et a donné naissance à un monde juif diversifié dont l’importance dans l’histoire de l’humanité s’est avérée tout à fait fondamentale. Il s’agit ici de rendre compte de cette longue et riche histoire et d’en dessiner les grands traits, sans simplification abusive cependant, puisque cette histoire est aussi faite de nuances et de complexité. Le choix des thématiques historiques abordées est nécessairement le fruit d’une sélection établie en fonction des programmes scolaires européens, tout comme des questionnements contemporains qui touchent le monde juif, comme l’ensemble de nos sociétés. .

Objectifs (connaissances)

  • C.O.1: Connaissance des principaux événements et personnages majeurs de l’histoire du judaïsme
  • C.O.2: Connaissance des fondements des croyances et pratiques du judaïsme/li>
  • C.O.3: Connaissance de la diversité à l’intérieur du judaïsme et du monde juif

Skill objectives:

  • S.1: Savoir faire la différence entre histoire du judaïsme et des Juifs d’une part, et histoire biblique d’autre part
  • S.2: Comprendre et savoir analyser les principales croyances et pratiques des Juifs

Summary of arguments, linked to student view sections

Ancient Judaism
Le Décalogue [picture] (sec. 1)
The Tel Dan inscription [picture] (sec. 1)
Assyrian relief. Jewish prisoners sent into exile toward Babylon [picture] (sec. 1)
Triumphal procession, detail of the Arch of Titus, 81 AD, Rome [picture] (sec. 2)
Cassius Dio, Roman History, Book LXVIII [text] (sec. 2)
Tympanum of the Dura-Europos synagogue (2nd-3rd centuries) [picture] (sec. 2)
The Jewish diaspora in the 1st – 2nd centuries [map] (sec. 2)

Bible
The Ten Commandments [text] (sec. 1)

History
The Tel Dan inscription [picture] (sec. 1)
Assyrian relief. Jewish prisoners sent into exile toward Babylon [picture] (sec. 1)
Triumphal procession, detail of the Arch of Titus, 81 AD, Rome [picture] (sec. 2)
Cassius Dio, Roman History, Book LXVIII [text] (sec. 2)
The Jewish diaspora in the 1st – 2nd centuries [map] (sec. 2)
Letter by Berr Isaac Berr [text] (sec. 4)
Louis-François Couché, Napoleon the Great re-establishing the religion of the Israelites (30 may 1806) [picture] (sec. 4)
Book cover of Der Judenstaat by Theodore Herzl [picture] (sec. 5)
Declaration of independence of Israel [text] (sec. 5)
Protocol of the Wannsee Conference [text] (sec. 5)

Holocaust
Protocol of the Wannsee Conference [text] (sec. 5)
Felix Nussbaum, The Damned (1943) [image] (sec. 5)

Image
Le Décalogue [picture] (sec. 1)
The Tel Dan inscription [picture] (sec. 1)
Assyrian relief. Jewish prisoners sent into exile toward Babylon [picture] (sec. 1)
Triumphal procession, detail of the Arch of Titus, 81 AD, Rome [picture] (sec. 2)
Tympanum of the Dura-Europos synagogue (2nd-3rd centuries) [picture] (sec. 2)
Manuscript from The Guide for the Perplexed [picture] (sec. 3)
French postal stamp showing the figure of Rachi of Troyes [picture] (sec. 3)
Exterior view of the Old-New synagogue, Prague [picture] (sec. 3)
Santa Maria la Blanca synagogue, Toledo, commemorative plaque [picture] (sec. 3)
Santa Maria la Blanca synagogue, Toledo, interior view [picture] (sec. 3)
Baruch Agadati as Hassid, from the Dance Melaveh Malka [picture] (sec. 4)
Portrait of Moses Mendelssohn [picture] (sec. 4)
Louis-François Couché, Napoleon the Great re-establishing the religion of the Israelites (30 may 1806) [picture] (sec. 4)
Book cover of Der Judenstaat by Theodore Herzl [pictur(sec. 5)
Felix Nussbaum, The Damned (1943) [image] (sec. 5)

Jewish writer
Maimonides, The Guide for the Perplexed [text] (sec. 3)
French postal stamp showing the figure of Rachi of Troyes [picture] (sec. 3)
Letter by Baal Shem Tov [text] (sec. 4)
Portrait of Moses Mendelssohn [picture] (sec. 4)
Letter by Berr Isaac Berr [text] (sec. 4)
Book cover of Der Judenstaat by Theodore Herzl [picture] (sec. 5)

Jewish rites
Baruch Agadati as Hassid, from the Dance Melaveh Malka [picture] (sec. 4)

Jews in non-Jewish context
Exterior view of the Old-New synagogue, Prague [picture] (sec. 3)
Santa Maria la Blanca synagogue, Toledo, commemorative plaque [picture] (sec. 3)
Santa Maria la Blanca synagogue, Toledo, interior view [picture] (sec. 3)
Letter by Berr Isaac Berr [text] (sec. 4)
Louis-François Couché, Napoleon the Great re-establishing the religion of the Israelites (30 may 1806) [picture] (sec. 4)

Map
The Jewish diaspora in the 1st – 2nd centuries [map] (sec. 2)
The distribution of the world’s Jewish population (2010) [carte] (sec. 5)

Medieval Judaism
Maimonides, The Guide for the Perplexed [text] (sec. 3)
Manuscript from The Guide for the Perplexed [picture] (sec. 3)
French postal stamp showing the figure of Rachi of Troyes [picture] (sec. 3)

Modern Judaism
Letter by Baal Shem Tov [text] (sec. 4)
Baruch Agadati as Hassid, from the Dance Melaveh Malka [picture] (sec. 4)
Portrait of Moses Mendelssohn [picture] (sec. 4)
Letter by Berr Isaac Berr [text] (sec. 4)
Louis-François Couché, Napoleon the Great re-establishing the religion of the Israelites (30 may 1806) [picture] (sec. 4)
Book cover of Der Judenstaat by Theodore Herzl [picture] (sec. 5)
Declaration of independence of Israel [text] (sec. 5)
Protocol of the Wannsee Conference [text] (sec. 5)
Felix Nussbaum, The Damned (1943) [image] (sec. 5)
The distribution of the world’s Jewish population (2010) [carte] (sec. 5)

Mysticism
Letter by Baal Shem Tov [text] (sec. 4)

Official document
Declaration of independence of Israel [text] (sec. 5)
Protocol of the Wannsee Conference [text] (sec. 5)

Philosophy
Maimonides, The Guide for the Perplexed [text] (sec. 3)

Roman writer
Cassius Dio, Roman History, Book LXVIII [text] (sec. 2)

Synagogue
Tympanum of the Dura-Europos synagogue (2nd-3rd centuries) [picture] (sec. 2)
Exterior view of the Old-New synagogue, Prague [picture] (sec. 3)
Santa Maria la Blanca synagogue, Toledo, commemorative plaque [picture] (sec. 3)
Santa Maria la Blanca synagogue, Toledo, interior view [picture] (sec. 3)

Text
The Ten Commandments [text] (sec. 1)