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3. Upanishaderne og hinduernes fælles verdensanskuelse
Bhradaranyakaupanishaden IV:4.5-7
Upanishaderne er de seneste tekster i samlingen af vedatekster, som udgør det tekstmæssige grundlag for hinduistisk religiøsitet. Upanishaderne (digtet omkring 500 f.v.t.) indeholder den tidligste fremkomst af nogle af de centrale, religiøse begreber i hinduismen. Uddragene stammer fra Brhadaranyakaupanishaden og Chandogyaupnishaden, som omhandler de afgørende begreber Atman, Brahman og Samsara, genfødselscyklussen.
5
That self is indeed Brahman; it is also identified with the intellect, the mind, and the vital breath, with the eyes and ears, with earth, water, air, and ākāśa, with fire and with what is other than fire, with desire and with absence of desire, with anger and with absence of anger, with righteousness and unrighteousness, with all—it is identified, as is well known, with this (i.e. what is perceived) and with that (i.e. what is inferred). According as it acts and according as it behaves, so it becomes: by doing good it becomes good, and by doing evil it becomes evil. It becomes virtuous through virtuous action, and evil through evil action. Others, however, say that the self is identified with desire alone. As is its desire, so is its resolution; and as is its resolution, so is its deed; and whatever deed it does, that it reaps.
6
Regarding this there is the following verse:
Because of attachment, the transmigrating Atman, together with its karman, attains that result to which its mind clings. Having exhausted [in the other world] the results of whatever karman it did in this life, it returns from that world to this world for [fresh] karman.
Thus does the man who desires transmigrate . But as to the man who does not desire—who is without desire, who is freed from desire, whose desire is satisfied, whose only object of desire is the Atman—his organs do not depart. Being Brahman, he merges in Brahman.
7
Regarding this there is the following verse:
When all the desires that dwell in his heart are got rid of, then does the mortal man become immortal and attain Brahman in this very body
Brhadaranyaka Upanishad IV:4.5-7. Oversat af Swami Nikhilananda
http://www.universaltheosophy.com/sacred-texts/brihadaranyaka-upanishad/ (26/09/2014)
Chandogaupanishaden V:10.7 + V:10.9
Upanishaderne er de seneste tekster i samlingen af vedatekster, som udgør det tekstmæssige grundlag for hinduistisk religiøsitet. Upanishaderne (digtet omkring 500 f.v.t.) indeholder den tidligste fremkomst af nogle af de centrale, religiøse begreber i hinduismen. Uddragene stammer fra Brhadaranyakaupanishaden og Chandogyaupnishaden, som omhandler de afgørende begreber Atman, Brahman og Samsara, genfødselscyklussen.
V: 10,7:
Those whose conduct here [on earth] has been good will quickly attain some good birth—birth as a brahmin, birth as a warrior, or birth as a merchants. But those whose conduct here has been evil will quickly attain some evil birth—birth as a dog, birth as a pig, or birth as an untouchables
V: 10,9:
A man who steals the gold of a brahmin, he (i.e. a brahmin) who drinks liquor, he who dishonours his teacher’s bed, and he who kills a brahmin—these four fall, as also a fifth who associates with them.’”
Chandogya Upanishad V:10.7 + V:10.9. Oversat af Swami Nikhilananda
http://www.universaltheosophy.com/sacred-texts/chandogya-upanishad/ (26/09/2014)
En sadhu
I hinduismen er en sadhu, ”god mand, hellig mand”, en religiøst asketisk eller hellig person. En sadhu har fuldt og helt helliget sig opnåelsen af moksha (”frigørelse”) gennem meditation og asketisk livsførelse. Den slags personer viderefører den såkaldte shramanatradition (ordet shramana betyder ”forsagelse, afkald”), som opstod mellem 700-tallet og 200-tallet f.v.t.
Med tilladelse fra professor James Lochtefeld
